ABSTRACT
Introduction: Coronavirus is a family of viruses that can cause illnesses such as the common cold, Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome & Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. In 2019 new coronavirus was identified, originating in China. The emergence of COVID-19 disease has led to high demand for intensive care services worldwide. Materials And Methods: It is a cross-sectional hospital-based observational study of the clinical profile and outcome of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) at C.U. Shah Medical College and hospital between October 2020 to March 2021. We have taken a detailed clinical history of patients regarding symptoms of COVID-19 according to the predefined COVID-19 questionaries. Allied history from the patient's relatives was taken regarding contact with COVID-19-positive patients and recent travel history. Emphasis was also made on comorbidities, past medications, and past medical events like ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, and hypertension. Result(s): In the present study, the most common symptom of COVID-19 disease is breathlessness, followed by fever and cough. Peak incidence was noted in the older age group. Diabetes and hypertension are associated with a more severe form of COVID-19 disease. Most patients have been admitted due to severe acute hypoxemia and tachypnoea. Most patients required mechanical ventilation, although most died due to severe acute respiratory syndrome. Conclusion(s): In a hospital-based cross-sectional study of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients, males and females are at equal risk of COVID-19 infection, and there was no significant difference in severity among them. Hypertension and diabetes, and old age are the most common risk factors for severity and ICU admission in covid-19 patients. Proper strategies regarding covid-19 management and practical training of healthcare personnel with adequate health resources can dramatically reduce mortality in COVID-19 patients. Copyright © 2022 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Acute pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium accompanied by chest pain, pericardial effusion, and electrocardiographic (ECG) changes. It is mainly caused by viruses, followed by bacterial and other infections, tumors, underlying diseases, trauma, medications, and environmental factors. Several reports have emerged on pericarditis as a potential side effect associated primarily with mRNA vaccines, particularly in male adolescents after the second dose. However, the exact mechanism of COVID-19 vaccine-induced pericarditis remains elusive. The most common clinical presentation seen in patients is the elevation in troponin level, as well as C-reactive protein. To exclude other etiologies causing pericarditis, a meticulous diagnostic workup is performed. Thus, a detailed history and physical examination and the timing and type of the vaccine are important. Owning to the novel etiology of pericarditis caused by the COVID-19 vaccine, treatment is based on the patient's symptoms and diagnostic workup, including pain management and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents with or without colchicine. However, dual therapy with intravenous immune globulins and/or corticosteroids may be beneficial in severe cases. This chapter will emphasize the emerging adverse events of vaccineinduced pericarditis, summarizing its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and limitation. © 2022 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.